Birds are routinely exposed to this fungus and only rarely become pathogenic and the lower respiratory tract is most severely affected by inhalation rout. There have been some recent reports about respiratory aspergillosis in ostrich (Kyoung 2001, Marks et al 1994). Aspergillus spp usually cause disease under condition of stress, immunosupression, and prolonged treatment with antibiotics or massive exposure to the microorganism. Clinical signs of aspergillosis in ostriches are weight loss, lethargy and dyspnea (Kyoung 2001). Other less common forms of aspergillosis in birds are encephalitis, ophthalmitis, osteomyelitis, dermatitis and systemic form (Fitzgerald & Moisan (1995). A fumigatus was isolated in some cases of respiratory aspergillosis (Campbell (1986). It has been reported that aspergillosis was observed in ostriches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but is relatively uncommon today (Terzich &. Vanhooser (1993). This is the first case report of aspergillosis due to A ftnigatus in Iran. The ostriches of this report had received chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin for a long time (45 days) so these drugs may have been the cause of the pulmonary aspergillosis.

Since the implementation and development of a productive activity would be recommendable and can be developed after identifying. its economic aspects, and because the accuracy of implementation of projects in different fields is extremely important, especially in animal husbandry, economic evaluation of production units in order to evaluate the performance of units is enjoy a special place. In this research effort were given to the examination of economic evaluation of ostrich fattening breeding units in Hamadan province, according to the present sitnations. units selected in this study using stratified sampling and data collected through interviews and questionnaires of ostrich farmers in Hamadan. Indices studied in this research were net present value, benefit to cost ratio and internal rate of return. The results showed that the net present value of ostrich fattening breeding units was positive and greater than zero, the benefit to cost ratio was greater than one internal rate of return was high. In other words, the construction of ostrich fattening breeding in Hamedan Province is economically beneficial.

This study was conducted to understand the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the fibrous tunic of 20 healthy adult ostrich eyes. First, the fibrous tunic of the eye was anatomically examined in terms of appearance, dimensions, location and structure. Then prepared histological slides were studied microscopically after staining by H&E, Verhoeff, Van Geison and P.A.S. The results showed that in the ostrich ovally round cornea, the average corneal length (lateral-medial) and width (dorsal-ventral) were respectively measured as 2.58±0.05 and 2.28±0.04 centimeters. The corneal protrusion was 0.92±0.02. The thickest part of sclera was in the posterior portion of the eyeball, in optic nerve entrance. The whole thickness of cornea and its epithelium were measured 850 µm and 65 µm respectively. Anterior surface of cornea was nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. There was Bowman's membrane with 7.5 mm thickness and positive P.A.S. reaction Descemet's membrane with 7.65 mm thicknesses. 450 mm-ticked sclera in ostrich had frequent collagen fibers which supported by hyaline cartilage with 217.8 mm thickness. Moreover, there were no elastic fibers in cornea and a little in sclera. It concluded that although there were little differences in dimensions and microscopic studies, the fibrous tunic of ostrich was similar to other birds but different from mammals.